Acute Coronary Syndromes

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is most commonly caused by a heart attack (myocardial infarction) where blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked. This is usually caused by a blood clot from a ruptured coronary artery atherosclerotic plaque. Other causes include spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), which most commonly occurs in women. ACS is usually treated in a cath lab with angioplasty and the placement of a stent to prop the vessel open.

Half of Americans can’t identify the major symptoms of heart attack

Just half of Americans know the five common heart attack symptoms—even when presented with the symptoms as “yes” or “no” answers—based on 2017 results from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

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Modifiable risk factors growing more common in young AMI patients

A new study of young heart attack sufferers revealed a sobering, albeit unsurprising, finding: More than 90 percent had at least one modifiable risk factor. What’s equally concerning, according to the authors, is the prevalence of most of these risk factors increased over the decade-long study.

Psoriasis drugs may prevent atherosclerosis progression

Biologic treatment favorably modifies coronary plaque characteristics for patients with severe psoriasis, suggests a study published Feb. 5 in Cardiovascular Research. The findings raise the possibility that the anti-inflammatory drugs can both treat psoriasis and reduce cardiovascular risk.

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Acute MI during pregnancy more common in recent years

The incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in pregnant women increased between 2005 and 2014, according to research published in the American Journal of Cardiology Jan. 25, but that hike was accompanied by decreases in mortality, cost of care and length of stay among expectant mothers.

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Alirocumab reduces risk of initial and repeat CV events after ACS

An extended analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial has confirmed alirocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor that hit the medical market in 2015, reduces a patient’s total risk of nonfatal and fatal cardiovascular events after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

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Archaeologists find evidence heart disease was alive and well in the 1500s

Archeologists have uncovered evidence of atherosclerosis in a handful of 500-year-old mummies from Greenland, Forbes reported.

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Troponin elevations in ‘normal range’ predict near-term cardiac events

Higher concentrations of troponin—even those that were within a “normal range”—signal increased odds of adverse outcomes among outpatients with stable chest pain, suggesting the biomarker test may improve risk stratification and inform management strategies for this common clinical scenario.

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PCSK9 inhibitors might protect AMI survivors against reperfusion-related brain damage

Research published in the Journal of the American Heart Association Jan. 13 has concluded administering PCSK9 inhibitors to acute MI patients ahead of ischemia can mitigate the potential negative neurological effects that come with treatment.

Around the web

Several key trends were evident at the Radiological Society of North America 2024 meeting, including new CT and MR technology and evolving adoption of artificial intelligence.

Ron Blankstein, MD, professor of radiology, Harvard Medical School, explains the use of artificial intelligence to detect heart disease in non-cardiac CT exams.