Structural Heart Disease

Structural heart diseases include any issues preventing normal cardiovascular function due to damage or alteration to the anatomical components of the heart. This is caused by aging, advanced atherosclerosis, calcification, tissue degeneration, congenital heart defects and heart failure. The most commonly treated areas are the heart valves, in particular the mitral and aortic valves. These can be replaced through open heart surgery or using cath lab-based transcatheter valves or repairs to eliminate regurgitation due to faulty valve leaflets. This includes transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Other common procedures include left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion and closing congenital holes in the heart, such as PFO and ASD. A growing area includes transcatheter mitral repair or replacement and transcatheter tricuspid valve repair and replacement.

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How have pediatric VADs advanced and what’s next?

Pediatric ventricular assist devices (VADs) have been associated with better survival to heart transplantation in recent years, but infants and those with congenital heart disease (CHD) continue to have worse outcomes, researchers reported in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

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Valve-in-valve TAVR outcomes favorable to native valve procedures

Valve-in-valve TAVR (ViV-TAVR) of a failed surgical valve was associated with comparable—and perhaps even better—clinical outcomes when compared to TAVR performed in native valves, according to a registry study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

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Searching for New Business: Hospitals Test the Waters of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

With its potential to tap into a myriad of hospital services and departments, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is drawing interest from medical centers committed to improving the lives of their patients and bolstering the bottom line.

3rd-generation MitraClip device approved by FDA

The FDA has approved the third generation of the MitraClip, which treats mitral regurgitation without open-heart surgery, device manufacturer Abbott announced July 12.

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Mitochondrial transplants may revive damaged heart cells

Scientists are beginning to explore whether infusing heart tissue with mitochondria can restore function to oxygen-deprived cells after a heart attack. The technique has potential in both pediatric and adult patients, according to an article in The New York Times.

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Study: Embolic protection devices capture debris in 99% of TAVR patients

Nearly all transcatheter heart valves (THVs) leave debris following aortic valve replacement, reinforcing the potential for embolic protection devices to reduce the burden of silent brain infarctions and future strokes.

Transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve replacement: A new ‘gold standard’?

Transcatheter valve-in-valve replacement for degenerated mitral bioprostheses was associated with similar 30-day and one-year mortality rates as redo surgical mitral valve replacement (SMVR) in a retrospective study, despite the former being performed in older, sicker patients.

Biologists explain mechanisms behind CHD4-related heart defects

Mutations in the CHD4 gene are known contributors to congenital heart defects. Biologists at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine believe they are beginning to understand why.

Around the web

Ron Blankstein, MD, professor of radiology, Harvard Medical School, explains the use of artificial intelligence to detect heart disease in non-cardiac CT exams.

Eleven medical societies have signed on to a consensus statement aimed at standardizing imaging for suspected cardiovascular infections.