Heart Failure

Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump as much blood as the body requires. This ineffective pumping can lead to enlargement of the heart as the myocardium works harder pump the same amount of blood. Heart failure may be caused by defects in the myocardium, such as an a heart attack infarct, or due to structural issues such as severe heart valve regurgitation. Heart failure can be divided into HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The disease is further divided into four New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes. Stage IV heart failure is when the heart is completely failing and requires a heart transplant or hemodynamic support from a left ventricular assist device (LVAD).

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1st major study of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy offers clues about the elusive disease

Results from the world’s largest comprehensive study of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients are in—and they’re providing cardiologists with a wealth of previously unknown information about the disease.

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HF mortality on the rise due to rapidly aging population

The 2010s saw a decrease in age-adjusted mortality associated with heart disease, according to a JAMA Cardiology report, but a concomitant rise in heart failure-related deaths and increase in the global population of adults over 65 actually resulted in an increase in the number of fatalities attributed to CVD.

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Many HF patients prescribed meds that could worsen their condition

Research published in JACC: Heart Failure Nov. 6 uncovered a worrying statistic in cardiology: Older patients who are hospitalized for heart failure could experience as much as a 12% increase in the number of HF-exacerbating medications they’re prescribed between admission and hospital discharge.

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Minority patients face deep-rooted inequities in heart failure care

Research out of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston found heart failure patients who self-identify as black, Latinx or female are less likely to be admitted to the hospital’s cardiology department, suggesting admission bias might be a partial contributor to known racial disparities in HF outcomes.

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Sacubitril/valsartan improves short-term health outcomes in those with HFrEF

The combo drug sacubitril/valsartan was associated with early improvements in health status in a study of nearly 4,000 patients with HFrEF.

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Metformin lowers risk of HF hospitalization in those with T2D

Metformin use is linked to a lower risk of hospitalization for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes, a paper in the Journal of the American Heart Association confirms.

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Machine learning improves patient selection for CRT

A novel machine learning algorithm improved patient selection for CRT in a study of nearly 1,000 heart failure patients, representing an opportunity to optimize care and spare certain individuals from a pricey procedure that might not benefit them.

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FDA OKs dapagliflozin to reduce risk of HF hospitalization in adults with T2D

Pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca announced Oct. 21 that its drug Farxiga—or dapagliflozin—was approved by the FDA to reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Around the web

Ron Blankstein, MD, professor of radiology, Harvard Medical School, explains the use of artificial intelligence to detect heart disease in non-cardiac CT exams.

Eleven medical societies have signed on to a consensus statement aimed at standardizing imaging for suspected cardiovascular infections.