The average U.S. cardiologist’s salary dropped by 4 percent last year, to $559,568, MedAxiom reported in its annual Cardiovascular Provider Compensation & Production Survey. The dip follows three consecutive years of salary hikes that reached an all-time high in 2016.

Physician assistants (PAs) specializing in cardiology earned a median base salary of $105,000 in 2017—equivalent to the median across all specialties, according to the 2018 Salary Report from the American Academy of PAs.

The salaries of cardiothoracic surgeons are increasing faster than any other specialty, according to the American Medical Group Association’s 2018 Compensation and Productivity Survey. Cardiothoracic surgeons pulled in a median of $734,299 last year, up from $690,000 the previous year and a 23.1 percent increase from 2015.

A recent survey of nearly 2,000 physicians found cardiologists had the highest annual income, at an average of $364,000, edging out urologists and dermatologists. (Surgeons were not included.)

A recent survey from Merritt Hawkins, a Dallas-based search firm, included updated demographic and salary data on a wide variety of specialties, both invasive and non-invasive among them.

With a median annual base salary of $356,000, cardiologists are the highest-paid workers in the U.S., according to LinkedIn. Cardiologists also had a median total compensation of $400,000 per year.

While the average salary for a cardiologist is $436,849, pay for an individual practitioner is all over the map, literally. The Atlantic paired up with Doximity, a social network for physicians, to highlight a tool that shows salary by specialty and county.

The compensation of CEOs at nonprofit U.S. hospitals may not be based on patient outcomes, the provision of care or benefit to the community. Instead, a JAMA Internal Medicine study published online Oct. 14 found that compensation may be more closely linked to technology and patient satisfaction.